SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips

Breakdown of Every Question Type in SAT Reading by %

feature_SATquestiontypes.jpg

Passage-based questions on the SAT Critical Reading section can be a real challenge, so it’s helpful to know exactly what you’re getting into before the test. I’ve gone through every publicly available SAT and analyzed how frequently every type of Reading question shows up on the exam.

In this article, which has been fully updated for the new SAT, I’ll go over the different categories of questions, show you how frequently they each appear, and tell you what this information means for your testing strategy.  

 

What Are the SAT Reading Question Types?

On the SAT, the Reading section lasts 65 minutes and contains 52 questions. There will be five passages in the section, and all Reading questions are based on the passages.

Before we get to the distribution of questions, I’ll briefly outline each of the nine question types you'll see on the SAT Reading section so you have a better context for the numbers. 

 

Big Picture Questions

Big picture questions are about the author’s point of view, the primary purpose of the passage, and the rhetorical strategy of the author. 

Example of a big picture question:

The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. discuss the assumptions and reasoning behind a theory
B. describe the aim, method, and results of an experiment
C. present and analyze conflicting data about a phenomenon
D. show the innovative nature of a procedure used in a study

 

Little Picture/Detail Questions

Little picture/detail questions will be about a specific small detail in a passage. They might ask you what a phrase in a passage specifically refers to or give you a line number and ask you to find a detail in that part of the passage.  

Example of a little picture question:

The fourth paragraph (lines 50-56) indicates that Plato’s principal objection to “poetry” (line 50) was its

A. confusing language
B. widespread popularity
C. depiction of turbulent events
D. influence on people’s morals

 

Inference Questions

Inference questions will ask you to make a logical assumption based on details in the passage. You may have to infer the meaning of a paragraph or line in the passage, determine the implications of a statement in the passage, or make a logical conclusion about opinions stated by passage authors.

Example of an inference question:

Which of the following, if available, would best refute the author’s assertion about the “young upstart” (line 57)?

A. Evidence that certain kinds of particles in nature exceed the speed of light
B. Confirmation of conditions that existed in the earliest stages of the Big Bang
C. Speculation that the deep interior of a black hole is not as dense as scientists have believed
D. Mathematical formulas that link general relativity and quantum mechanics in the same realm

 

Function Questions

Function questions will ask you to figure out what the purpose or effect of a line or paragraph is in the context of a passage or why the author used a certain phrasing in the passage.

Example of a function question:

The author of the passage uses the quotation in lines 5-6 primarily as a:

A. vivid expression of how she views words
B. powerful example of what she sought in Shakespeare
C. scholarly citation linking her to poetic words
D. comical introduction to a problem encountered by every dramatic performer

 

Vocabulary in Context Questions

Words in context questions will ask you the definition of a word as it is used in the context of a passage. Answering these questions correctly requires an understanding of nuance in the meanings of common words rather than a wide-ranging vocabulary.

Example of a vocabulary in context question:

In line 34, the word “follow” most nearly means

A. pursue
B. result
C. join in
D. listen carefully

 

Analogy Questions

Analogy questions will ask you to make a comparison between a condition or relationship described in the passage and a condition or relationship that is not mentioned in the passage. Basically, you have to detect the underlying similarity between something in the passage and a separate hypothetical situation. Analogy questions are a subset of inference questions.

Example of an analogy question:

The “experts” (line 53) would most likely argue that which of the following is guilty of the “sin” mentioned in line 58?

A. A veterinarian who is unwilling to treat a sick animal
B. A cat owner who believes his cat misses its siblings
C. A dog owner who is unwilling to punish her dog for misbehaving
D. A zoologist who places the interests of people before those of animals

 

Author Technique Questions

Author technique questions will ask you about the author’s tone in the passage or the mood the passage conveys to the reader.

Example of an author technique question:

The first paragraph of the passage establishes a mood of

A. jaded dismissal
B. nervous apprehension
C. dramatic anticipation
D. initial concern

 

Evidence Support Questions

These are a new type of SAT Reading question. You'll answer a question about the passage, for example an inference or little detail question, and the next question (the evidence support question) will ask you to cite evidence that supports your answer to the previous question.

Example of an evidence support question:

Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

A. Lines 45-50 ("So every...beetles")
B. Lines 51-53 ("Finally...beetles")
C. Lines 59-61 ("We would...open")
D. Lines 76-79 ("Gourds...flowers")

 

Data Reasoning Questions

For the first time, SAT Reading now includes figures (such as graphs and charts) that show data. For data reasoning questions, you'll need to interpret the data in the figure and place it in the context of the overall passage - for example, how does this figure support the author's argument? Especially tricky will be data reasoning questions that require you to make inferences- for example, "the author is most likely to support which interpretation of the data in this figure?"

Example of a data reasoning question:

According to figure 1, in 2017, the cost of which of the following fuels is projected to be closest to the 2009 US average electricity cost shown in figure 2?

A. Natural gas
B. Wind (onshore)
C. Conventional coal
D. Advanced nuclear

 

body_behindthescenes.jpgNow for our all-access behind-the-scenes tour of SAT reading. This is where the magic happens, folks. Currently in production: "SAT Reading: This Time, It's Critical"

 

Distribution of Question Types

Here's a table that outlines the distribution of each question type that we found on the SAT Reading section. This data was collected by going through every Reading question on the first eight official practice SATs, sorting them into categories, and averaging the data we got.

Question Type Average Number of Questions per Section Percentage of Total Reading Questions
Big Picture 11 21%
Little Detail 7 13%
Inference 5 10%
Function 5 10%
Vocabulary in Context 8 15%
Analogy 1 2%
Author Technique 1 2%
Evidence Support 10 20%
Data Reasoning 5 10%
All Critical Reading Questions 52 103% (due to rounding)

 

Big Picture Questions

Out of the 52 questions on the SAT Reading section, I found that an average of about 11 questions per test were Big Picture questions. This makes them the most common type of Reading question, and it means that about 21% of the questions you’ll encounter on SAT Critical Reading will be based on an understanding of the main points of passages. The SAT has more Big Picture questions than the ACT, so this can make the SAT Reading section a bit more challenging because you really need to be aware of what the passage is discussing and what the author is trying to convey. 

 

Little Detail Questions

Little detail questions are also pretty common on the SAT, with an average of 7 questions per test. This means that about 13% of the questions in the Critical Reading section will be comprised of little detail questions. These questions tend to be the most direct and the least challenging of the bunch, so it’s encouraging to know that they are so common.

 

Inference Questions

At an average of 5 questions per test, inference questions are somewhat common and make up about 10% of questions on the Critical Reading section. This means that inference skills are pretty important on the SAT. This is especially true since they come into play on other question types, like analogies and sometimes big picture questions, as well.

 

Function Questions

There are also about 5 function questions per test, and they make up about 10% of Reading questions. This means it's going to be important to understand the structure of the passages and the reasons behind the author's phrasing.

 

Ready to go beyond just reading about the SAT? Then you'll love the free five-day trial for our SAT Complete Prep program. Designed and written by PrepScholar SAT experts, our SAT program customizes to your skill level in over 40 subskills so that you can focus your studying on what will get you the biggest score gains.

Click on the button below to try it out!

Sign Up!

 

Vocabulary in Context Questions

Vocabulary in context questions became much more common when the SAT was revised in 2016. Now, there are about 8 of these questions per test, and they make up around 15% of Reading questionsAs we mentioned above,  you don't need a huge vocabulary to get these questions right, but you do need to be familiar with different definitions of more common words and how to determine which definition is being used based on the word's context in the passage.

 

Analogy Questions

Analogy questions are very rare - you can expect 1 or maybe 2 of them per test. If your skills with inference questions are strong, you should be able to figure out analogy questions as well. It's still good to be prepared for analogy questions because they are kind of weird if you haven't seen them before. See my article on analogy questions for more information about how to solve them.

 

Author Technique Questions

Author technique questions are even rarer than analogy questions. They only come up about once per test, if at all. It is sometimes useful to understand tone and mood for the Critical Reading section even if you don’t come across a specific question about them, but these are clearly not core concepts on the test.

 

Evidence Support Questions

Evidence support (also known as command of evidence) questions are one of the new SAT Reading questions, and they're also one of the most common question types. You can expect to see about 10 evidence support questions on each Reading Section, which means they make up about 20% of SAT Reading questions. To answer these questions correctly, you'll need to be able to use higher-level reasoning skills to correctly select the part of the passage that supports your previous answer.

 

Data Reasoning Questions

Another new question type, there will be about 5 data reasoning questions on the SAT, usually spread between two passages. This means they make up about 10% of the Reading section. To answer these questions correctly, you'll need to be able to accurately read graphs and charts and be able to understand how they relate to the passage. For more in-depth information, check out our guide to data reasoning questions.

 

body_taylorswift.jpgI got a blank space baby, and I'll write your name - a philosophy that probably didn't get TSwift very far on the SAT.

 

How Does This Information Affect Your Approach to SAT Reading?

Now that you know the frequency of question types, you may be wondering how you can adapt your Critical Reading strategy to the composition of the test.

Here are some tips you should consider based on the data:

 

Read Strategically

It’s important to come up with a passage reading strategy that will allow you to absorb details while also understanding the main points the author of the passage is making. Since a significant portion of questions in Critical Reading are big picture, it is especially critical to understand passages holistically.

On the SAT, passages are relatively short, so it can be beneficial to skim them before reading the questions. Even though Reading questions often give you line numbers, it's a lot easier to figure out questions that deal with inferences, the function of a certain part of the passage, and the main purpose of the passage if you read the passage quickly beforehand. A good skimming strategy is to read the first and last paragraphs and the first and last sentences of each body paragraph. This way you’ll know the main ideas and the gist of the author’s argument.

Inference, function, and big picture questions together make up nearly half of the Reading questions on the test. This means that fully understanding the main points made in the passage before you read the questions will help you to answer them much more efficiently.

 

Pay Attention to Details

Little picture questions make up a significant part of Reading questions, so you should also be prepared to get very specific with your answers. Sometimes the questions students miss are the ones that seem easy. They’ll breeze right by them and make a silly mistake. Don’t let that happen to you!

This is also important because inference skills are critical on the test. With most inference questions, it comes down to finding the right keywords in the passage and matching up details to draw conclusions. This requires an eye for small details as well as awareness of the overall structure of the passage.

 

Don’t Worry About Rarer Question Types (Unless You’re Shooting for a Perfect Score)

If analogies scare you (and they are some of the more difficult questions), don’t worry too much about them. The same goes for author technique questions. You don’t need to spend your time practicing question types that will likely only show up once or twice on the test if at all. 

Practice answering big picture, little detail, evidence support, and vocabulary in context questions first and foremost. Then, if you master those, you can work through the rarer question types.

body_rarebird.jpg

Some questions are rare birds. But mainly I just think the expression on this bird's face is HILARIOUS.

 

Summary

There are a few different types of questions that you can expect to see on the passage-based reading section of SAT Critical Reading. These include:

Big picture
Little picture
Inference
Function
Vocabulary in context
Analogies
Author technique
Evidence support
Data reasoning

 

Big picture and evidence support questions are the most common, followed by vocabulary in context and little detail questions. Analogy and author technique questions are relatively rare.

Based on the frequency of question types, you should:

  • Practice skimming passages strategically
  • Pay attention to passage details
  • Save the rare question types for last in terms of studying

Now that you know exactly what kinds of questions to expect, you’ll be extra prepared for everything the Critical Reading section throws at you!

 

What's Next?

For more SAT Reading strategies, take a look at our article on how to improve low reading scores or, if your scores are already high, check out our advice on how to get an 800 on SAT Reading.

Read my article on the fundamental rule of SAT reading to understand the core strategy behind answering any reading question and my article on the hardest SAT reading questions to see what you might be up against.

Still trying to decide whether to take SAT or ACT Reading? Learn about the differences here.

 

Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?

Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more.

Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Reading lesson, you'll love our program. Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next.

Check out our 5-day free trial:

Improve Your SAT Score by 160+ Points, Guaranteed

 

Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article!


author image
Samantha Lindsay
About the Author

Samantha is a blog content writer for PrepScholar. Her goal is to help students adopt a less stressful view of standardized testing and other academic challenges through her articles. Samantha is also passionate about art and graduated with honors from Dartmouth College as a Studio Art major in 2014. In high school, she earned a 2400 on the SAT, 5's on all seven of her AP tests, and was named a National Merit Scholar.



Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT
100% Privacy. No spam ever.

Student and Parent Forum

Our new student and parent forum, at ExpertHub.PrepScholar.com, allow you to interact with your peers and the PrepScholar staff. See how other students and parents are navigating high school, college, and the college admissions process. Ask questions; get answers.

Join the Conversation

Ask a Question Below

Have any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply!