The AP Comparative Government and Politics exam tests your knowledge of how the political systems in different countries are similar and different. The exam requires endurance, strong critical thinking, and top-notch writing skills…which means you’ll need to be extra prepared!
If you’re looking for an AP Comparative Government study guide to carry you through all of your AP prep, look no further than this article! We’ll walk you through:
- The structure and format of the AP Government — Comparative exam
- The core themes and skills the exam tests you on
- The types of questions that show up on the exam and how to answer them (with sample responses from real AP students!)
- How the AP Comparative Government exam is scored, including official scoring rubrics
- Four essential tips for preparing for the AP Comparative Government exam
Are you ready? Let’s dive in!
Exam Overview: How Is the AP Government — Comparative Exam Structured?
First things first: you may see this exam referred to as both the AP Government — Comparative exam or the AP Comparative Government exam. Don't worry, though...both of these names refer to the same test!
Now that we've cleared that up, let's look at the structure of the test itself. The AP Comparative Government and Politics exam tests your knowledge of basic political concepts and your ability to compare political systems and processes in different countries.
This AP exam is on the shorter side, lasting for a total of two hours and 30 minutes. You’ll be required to answer 55 multiple-choice questions and four free-response questions during the exam.
The AP Comparative Government exam is broken down into two sections. Section I of the exam consists of 55 multiple-choice questions and lasts for one hour. The first section of the exam accounts for 50% of your overall exam score.
Section II of the AP Comparative Government exam consists of four free-response questions. On this part of the exam, you’ll be asked to provide open-ended, written responses to all four free-response questions. Section II lasts for one hour and 30 minutes and counts for 50% of your overall exam score.
To give you a clearer picture of how the AP Comparative Government exam is structured, we’ve broken the core exam elements down in the table below:
Section
|
Question Type
|
# of Questions
|
Time
|
% of Score
|
1
|
Multiple-choice
|
55
|
1 hour (60 minutes)
|
50%
|
2
|
Free-response
|
4
|
1 hour, 30 minutes
|
50%
|
Source: The College Board
The AP Comparative Government and Politics exam tests you on a wide range of topics and skills that you need to really drive home before exam day. To help you prepare, we’ll go over the AP Comparative Government course themes, skills, and units next!
What’s on the AP Government — Comparative Exam? Course Themes, Skills, and Units
The AP Government — Comparative course teaches you the skills used by political scientists. To develop these skills during the course, you’ll explore content that falls into five big ideas that guide the course.
The five big ideas for AP Comparative Government are:
- Big Idea 1: Power and Authority
- Big Idea 2: Legitimacy and Stability
- Big Idea 3: Democratization
- Big Idea 4: Internal/External Forces
- Big Idea 5: Methods of Political Analysis
On the AP Comparative Government exam, you’ll show your mastery of the skills associated with these big ideas by answering questions that ask you to apply concepts, analyze data, compare countries, and write political science arguments.
The content and skills you’ll study throughout the AP Comparative Government course are divided out into five units of study. You’ll be tested on content from all five course units during the AP Comparative Government exam. Getting familiar with what each unit covers and how those topics are weighted in your overall exam score will help you get prepared for exam day!
You can view each course unit, the topics they cover, and how they’re weighted in your exam score below:
Unit
|
Topics Covered
|
Percentage of exam score
|
Unit 1: Political Systems, Regimes, and Governments
|
|
18%–27% of multiple-choice score
|
Unit 2: Political Institutions
|
|
22%–33% of multiple-choice score
|
Unit 3: Political Culture and Participation
|
|
11%–18% of multiple-choice score
|
Unit 4: Party and Electoral Systems and Citizen Organizations
|
|
13%–18% of multiple-choice score
|
Unit 5: Political and Economic Changes and Development
|
|
16%–24% of multiple-choice score
|
Source: The College Board
Now that you know what’s on the AP Comparative Government exam, let’s break down the two sections of the exam even further. We’ll look at Section I and Section II of the AP Comparative Government exam next!
AP Comparative Government Exam: Section I
The first section of the exam tests your ability to describe, explain, compare, and analyze political concepts and processes, various forms of data, and text passages. You’ll be asked to demonstrate these skills by answering both individual and sets of multiple-choice questions.
Section I consists of 55 multiple-choice questions, lasts for one hour, and counts for 50% of your exam score.
Here’s a breakdown of how each skill is assessed on the multiple-choice section of the exam:
- Approximately 40–55% of multiple-choice questions assess students’ ability to apply political concepts and processes in hypothetical and authentic contexts.
- Approximately 25–32% of multiple-choice questions will assess students’ ability to compare the political concepts and processes of China, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria, Russia, and the United Kingdom.
- Approximately 10–16% of multiple-choice questions will assess students’ ability to analyze and interpret quantitative data represented in tables, charts, graphs, maps, and infographics
- Approximately 9–11% of multiple-choice questions will assess students’ ability to read, analyze, and interpret text-based sources.
To help you get a better idea of what the multiple-choice questions are like on this part of the AP Comparative Government exam, let’s look at a sample question and how it’s scored next.
Sample Question: Multiple-Choice
Looking at sample multiple-choice questions can help you grasp the connection between what you learn in the AP Comparative Government course and what you’ll be tested on during the exam.
The individual multiple-choice question below comes from the College Board’s official guide to AP Comparative Government and Politics.
Source: The College Board
The multiple-choice question above asks you to compare two or more countries based on their political systems and behaviors. It draws on your knowledge of Big Idea #1: Power and Authority because it asks about the role of government executives in different countries. You’ll focus on these concepts during Unit 2 of your AP Comparative Government course, which explores political institutions in different countries.
The correct answer to this multiple-choice question is D: “The Chinese president and the Nigerian president are both commanders in chief of the armed forces.”
AP Comparative Government Exam: Section II
Like Section I, the second section of the exam tests your ability to describe, explain, compare, and analyze political concepts and processes, various forms of data, and text passages. In this section, you’ll be asked to demonstrate these skills by providing written responses.
Section II consists of four free-response questions, lasts for one hour and 30 minutes, and counts for 50% of your exam score.
There are four different types of free-response questions on the exam, and each one tests your reading and writing skills in different ways. Here’s a breakdown of what you’ll be asked to do on each free-response question on the exam:
- 1 conceptual analysis question: You’ll define or describe a political concept and/or compare political systems, principles, institutions, processes, policies, or behaviors.
- 1 quantitative analysis question: You’ll analyze data to find patterns and trends and reach a conclusion.
- 1 comparative analysis question: You’ll compare political concepts, systems, institutions, processes, or policies in two of the course countries.
- 1 argument essay: You’ll write an evidence-based essay supporting a claim or thesis.
To help you get a better sense of what the free-response questions are like on this part of the AP Comparative Government exam, let’s look at an example of each type of question and how it’s scored next.
Sample Question: Conceptual Analysis Free-Response
The free-response question below is taken from the College Board’s official guide to AP Comparative Government and Politics. This sample question is an example of a conceptual analysis question. This is the first type of question that you’ll encounter on the exam.
On the real exam, you’ll have 10 minutes to answer the conceptual analysis question. Check out the question below:
Source: The College Board
To understand how to answer this question correctly, we’ll need to look at how conceptual analysis questions are scored on the exam. The scoring rubric below shows how your response to this question would be evaluated after the exam:
Question Component:
|
Acceptable Responses
|
Possible Points
|
Part A: Define economic liberalization.
|
Acceptable definitions include:
Economic liberalization occurs when a state reduces its economic role and embraces free market mechanisms.
|
1
|
Part B: Describe a measure that a democratic or authoritarian government could use to liberalize their economy.
|
Acceptable descriptions include:
|
1
|
Part C: Explain one reason why a country would choose to liberalize its economy.
|
Acceptable explanations include:
|
1
|
Part D: Explain why a decision to introduce economic liberalization policies might affect social cleavages.
|
Acceptable explanations include:
|
1
|
Source: The College Board
Sample Question: Quantitative Analysis Free-Response
The Quantitative Analysis free-response question gives you quantitative data in the form of a graph, table, map, or infographic. You’ll be asked to describe, draw a conclusion, or explain that data and its connections to key course concepts.
The quantitative analysis question is the second question you’ll encounter on the exam. It’s worth five raw points of your score on this section of the exam, and you should spend about 20 minutes answering this question.
The quantitative analysis question below comes from the College Board’s official guide to AP Comparative Government and Politics:
Source: The College Board
To get a better idea of how to answer this question, let’s look at the scoring rubric that’s used to evaluate this quantitative analysis question on the exam:
Question Component:
|
Acceptable Responses
|
Possible Points
|
Part A: Identify the country with the highest turnout in a single year.
|
Iran
|
1
|
Part B: Describe voter turnout between 2007 and 2015 in Nigeria.
|
Acceptable descriptions include:
|
1
|
Part C: Describe political efficacy.
|
Acceptable descriptions include:
|
1
|
Part D: Using your knowledge of political efficacy and the data in the graph, explain the pattern of Iran’s political turnout in 2009 and 2013.
|
Acceptable explanations include:
|
1
|
Part E: Explain what the turnout data illustrate about political participation in authoritarian regimes.
|
Acceptable explanations include:
|
1
|
Source: The College Board
Sample Question: Comparative Analysis Free-Response
The Comparative Analysis free-response question assesses your ability to define, describe, compare, or explain political concepts, systems, institutions, or policies in different countries. This question is the third free-response question that you’ll answer on the exam.
The Comparative Analysis question is worth five raw points of your score on this section of the exam, and you should spend about 20 minutes answering this question.
The comparative analysis question below comes from the College Board’s official guide to AP Comparative Government and Politics:
Source: The College Board
We can take a look at the scoring rubric that’s used to evaluate this type of free-response question to get a better idea of what types of responses will earn you full points:
Question Component:
|
Acceptable Responses
|
Possible Points
|
Part A: Define legislative independence.
|
Acceptable definition:
|
1
|
Part B: Explain how legislative independence is used by government institutions in two different AP Comparative Government and Politics course countries.
|
Acceptable explanations include the following (max 1 point per country):
|
2
|
Part C: Explain why each of the two AP Comparative Government and Politics course countries described in (B) would choose to constrain legislative powers.
|
Acceptable explanations include the following (max 1 point per country):
|
2
|
Source: The College Board
Sample Question: Argument Essay Free-Response
The fourth and final free-response question you’ll encounter on the exam is the Argument Essay question. This free-response question assesses your ability to make a claim that responds to the question, defend and support your claim with reasonable evidence, and respond to an opposing view on the topic at hand.
The Argument Essay question is worth five raw points, and it’s recommended that you spend about 40 minutes answering this question.
The argument essay question below comes from the College Board’s official guide to AP Comparative Government and Politics:
Source: The College Board
To understand what an effective response to this question looks like, we’ll need to think about how argument essay questions are scored on the exam.
The scoring rubric for this free-response question is quite long; you’ll find four separate categories for evaluation in the rubric below, as well as examples of responses that will earn you full points in each category.
The scoring rubric below shows how your response to this question will be evaluated:
Scoring Guidelines Part A
Free-Response Question: Argument Essay
|
||
Evaluation Category
|
Responses that earn 0 points
|
Responses that earn full points
|
Part A: Claim/Thesis (0-1 points)
|
Responses that do not earn any points:
Example responses:
Restates the prompt:
Does not respond to the prompt:
|
Responds to the prompt with a defensible claim or thesis that establishes a line of reasoning.
Responses that earn this point:
Example responses:
|
Scoring Guidelines Part B
Free-Response Question: Argument Essay
|
|||
Evaluation Category
|
Responses that earn 0 points
|
Responses that earn one point
|
Responses that earn two points
|
Part B: Evidence (0-2 points)
|
Examples that do not earn points:
Not specific:
Not relevant to course concepts in the prompt:
|
Provides one piece of specific and relevant evidence from a course country relevant to one of the course concepts in the prompt.
|
Provides two pieces of specific and relevant evidence from one or more course countries relevant to one or more of the course concepts in the prompt.
|
Examples of acceptable specific and relevant evidence (1 point per example, max 2):
|
Scoring Guidelines Part C
Free-Response Question: Argument Essay
|
||
Evaluation Category
|
Responses that earn 0 points
|
Responses that earn full points
|
Part C: Reasoning (0-1 points)
|
Responses that do not earn any points:
|
Responses that earn this point:
Must explain the relationship between the evidence provided and the claim or thesis.
Examples of reasoning that explain how evidence supports the claim or thesis:
|
Scoring Guidelines Part D
Free-Response Question: Argument Essay
|
||
Evaluation Category
|
Responses that earn 0 points
|
Responses that earn full points
|
Part D: Responds to alternative perspectives (0-1 points)
|
Responses that do not earn any points:
Examples of responses that do not earn this point:
Restates the opposite of the claim or thesis:
Identifies an alternate perspective but does not refute, concede, or rebut that perspective:
|
Responses that earn this point:
Examples of acceptable responses to an alternate perspective may include:
|
Source: The College Board
How Is the AP Comparative Government Exam Scored?
Before you take the AP Comparative Government exam, you need to know how your responses will be scored. Here, we’ll explain how each section of the AP Comparative Government exam is scored, scaled, and combined to produce your final score on the AP 1-5 scale.
As a quick reminder, here’s how the score percentages breakdown on the exam:
- Section I: Multiple-choice: 55 questions, 50% of overall score
- Section II: Free-response: four questions, 50% of overall score
- Question 1: Conceptual Analysis: 11%
- Question 2: Quantitative Analysis: 12.5%
- Question 3: Comparative Analysis: 12.5%
- Question 4: Argument Essay: 14%
On the multiple-choice section, you’ll earn one raw point for each question you answer correctly. The maximum number of raw points you can earn on the multiple-choice section is 55 points. You won’t lose any points for incorrect answers!
The free-response questions are scored differently. The Conceptual Analysis question is worth four raw points, and the Quantitative Analysis, Comparative Analysis, and Argument Essay questions are each worth five raw points. Collectively, there are a total of 19 raw points you can earn on the free-response section.
Remember: you’ll only lose points on free-response questions for big errors, like providing an incorrect definition or failing to justify your reasoning. While you should use proper grammar and punctuation, you won’t be docked points for minor errors as long as your responses are clear and easy to understand.
You can earn 74 raw points on the AP Comparative Government exam. Here’s how those points are parsed out by section:
- 55 points for multiple-choice
- 19 points for free-response
After your raw scores have been tallied, the College Board will convert your raw score into a scaled score of 1-5. When you receive your score report, that 1-5 scaled score is the one you’ll see.
The 5 rate for the AP Comparative Government exam is fairly middle-of-the-road in comparison to other AP exams. Take a look at the table below to see what percentage of test takers earned each possible scaled score on the 2021 AP Comparative Government exam:
AP Score
|
% of Students Who Earned Score (2021)
|
5
|
16.6
|
4
|
24.5
|
3
|
30.7
|
2
|
14.9
|
1
|
13.3
|
Source: The College Board
4 Top Tips for Prepping for the AP Comparative Government and Politics Exam
If the AP Comparative Government exam is right around the corner for you, you’re probably thinking about how to prepare! We’re here to help you with that. Check out our four best tips for studying for the AP Comparative Government exam!
Tip 1: Start With a Practice Exam
One of the best ways to set yourself up for successful AP exam prep is to take a practice exam. Taking a practice AP Comparative Government exam before you really start studying can help you design a study routine that best suits your needs.
When you take a practice exam before diving into your study regimen, you get the chance to identify your strengths and weaknesses. Identifying your weaknesses early on in your exam prep will help you tailor your study time to eliminating your weaknesses (which translates to earning more points on the exam!).
We recommend taking a full practice exam in the time frame you’ll be allotted on the real exam. This will help you get a real sense of what the timing will feel like on exam day! After you take the practice exam, sit down and evaluate your results. Make note of the questions you missed, the skills those questions assess, and the course content they reference. You can then design a study routine that targets those tougher areas–and give yourself a better chance of earning full exam points in the process!
Tip 2: Create Your Own Cram Sheet
Everyone needs quality study materials in order to prepare well for AP exams. But did you know that creating your own study materials is a great way to help you remember tough material? Creating your own AP Comparative Government cram sheet is a great way to review course concepts and themes and organize your understanding of the material you’ll be tested over later.
You can look up AP Comparative Government cram sheets online and design yours in a similar way…or you can take some time to consider your needs as a learner and test-taker, then design a cram sheet that’s tailor-made for you.
On your cram sheet, you’ll likely want to include course concepts, issues, and questions that pop up on homework, quizzes, and tests that you take in your AP Comparative Government class. From there, you can supplement your cram sheet with info you learn from practice exams, sample free-response questions, and official scoring rubrics. You can work on memorizing that material, or simply use it to organize your study routine!
Tip 3: Practice Free-Response Questions
Free-response questions on AP exams are notoriously difficult, and the AP Government Comparative free-response questions are no different. Writing-based questions can be intimidating for any test-taker, so it’s important to practice free-response questions before the exam.
The College Board provides an archive of past official free-response questions on their website. You can use these to practice and study! Any free-response questions your teacher gives you in class are fair game as well. When you practice free-response questions, remember to stick to the timing you’ll be given on the real exam, and use official scoring rubrics to evaluate your responses. Doing these things will help you get used to what free-response questions will feel like on the real exam!
Tip 4: Take Another Practice Exam
As you wrap up your exam prep and exam day nears, consider taking another practice exam. You can compare your results on your second practice exam to your results on the practice exam that you took before you started studying. You’ll get to see how much you’ve improved over time!
Taking a final practice exam a few weeks before exam day can also help you revamp your exam prep. You can use your exam results to focus your final study time on any remaining struggle areas you’re encountering. Also, your score on your final practice exam can help you get an idea of what you’re likely to score on the real exam. Having this knowledge going into test day can calm your nerves and give you confidence, which are both essential to success on the AP Comparative Government exam!
What's Next?
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