Have you ever thought about how different kinds of animals have body parts that work in similar ways? Like bats and bees? Both creatures have wings—even though their bodies are structured very differently.
The key to understanding these differences lies in knowing what homologous and analogous structures are. In this article, we'll talk about each type of structure and discuss the similarities and differences between them.
What Are Homologous Structures?
Homologous structures are similar structures in related organisms. The most important thing to remember about homologous structures is that they share common ancestry. In other words, only organisms that are somehow related to each other can have homologous structures.
For example, a chimpanzee’s arm and a human’s arm are homologous structures. Both sets of arms have a similar structure and use and chimpanzees and humans share a common ancestor.
What Are Analogous Structures?
Analogous structures are similar structures in unrelated organisms. These structures are similar because they do the same job, not because they share common ancestry.
For example, dolphins and sharks both have fins, even though they aren’t related. Both species developed fins because of how (and where) they live.
What’s the Difference Between Homologous and Analogous Structures?
Homologous and analogous structures have several key differences. Let’s take a look at them:
| Homologous Structures | Analogous Structures |
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Homologous Structures Example
A great example of homologous structures are the wings of a bat and the arms of a human. Bats and humans are both mammals, so they share a common ancestry.
Both a bat’s wing and a human’s arm share a similar internal bone structure, even though they look very different externally. The wing and the arm also perform different functions—wings help bats fly, while arms help humans interact with their world in a very different way.
Analogous Structures Example
A great example of analogous structures are a bat’s wing and a bee’s wing. Bats and bees do not share common ancestry, so the structures cannot be homologous.
Both bat wings and bee wings serve a common purpose—helping bats and bees fly! The structures look similar on the outside, too. However, their internal structures are very different—bat wings have a bony structure with muscles, while bee wings are membranous extensions.
Homologous and Analogous Structures - Key Takeaways
Many animals have body parts that look similar, even though they don’t share common functionality. Other animals have body parts that look totally different, but have a shared background. Here’s the difference between homologous and analogous structures:
- Homologous structures are structures that may look or function differently from related organisms.
- Analogous structures are structures that look and function similarly from unrelated organisms.
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